![]() ![]() It led to a rejection of Buddhist learning: Ironically, this development became in effect silent illumination, a " of kōan-study into the "silence" of meditation ( ch'an)". ĭahui's invention was aimed at balancing the insight developed by reflection on the teachings with developing samatha, calmness of mind. Collections of such commented cases were compiled which consisted of the case itself, accompanied by verse or prose commentary. ![]() A new literary genre developed from this tradition as well. In the 11th century this practice had become common. In this practice students were to observe ( kan) or concentrate on a single word or phrase ( huatou), such as the famous mu of the mu-kōan. Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163) introduced the use of kanhua, "observing the phrase". ĭuring the Song dynasty (960–1297) the use of gong'an took a decisive turn.
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